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REAL ESTATE AGENTS assist in the process of buying and selling real estate
for their clients. Working through a broker, agents perform an essential
service for both the buyer and seller by providing for the orderly transfer
of property.
Real Estate Agents must perform several tasks to complete transactions.
They help buyers find the appropriate property that meets their needs and
financial resources. They obtain property listings and make preliminary
estimates to determine the selling price of the property. To anticipate
prospective buyers' questions, agents must be thoroughly familiar with the
physical condition, features, and special characteristics of the property as
well as the availability of transportation, schools, and shopping. Once
a buyer is found, Real Estate Agents prepare a purchase agreement. They
may refer clients to lawyers and tax consultants to resolve legal and tax
issues that may arise in sales transactions. Agents work with title or
escrow companies, lenders, home inspectors, and pest control operators
until the transaction is completed.
Real Estate Agents may specialize in selling apartment buildings,
residential, recreational, commercial, industrial, or farm property.
Particularly in the commercial field, they also become involved in leasing
arrangements. Whatever the specialty, agents must have knowledge of all
aspects unique to that type of property.
Agents use personal computers routinely to identify properties that match
customers' specifications, and to obtain lists of potential properties. A
few real estate brokerage firms now use a computerized loan processing
system -- real estate application contract transmission (REACT). This system
allows agents to qualify the buyer electronically and approve a mortgage
within an hour, pending verification of data provided and an appraisal. By
using this computerized system, agents expect to significantly reduce the
time usually required to sell homes to qualified buyers.
WORKING CONDITIONS
Real Estate Agents spend part of their working day in pleasant, well-lighted
brokers' offices, but most of their time is spent outside the office, as
they use their own car to transport prospective buyers to see property, put
up "for sale" signs on property sites, contact leads, and visit new property
listings. Brokers may establish a sales office on-site at a new development,
often in the garage or another room of a model home.
Many brokers feature Sunday afternoon "open house" to encourage potential
buyer visits to available property. This practice creates some risk of
personal safety to agents working alone in an unlocked house.
While most property sales leads come from traditional sources, some brokers
in metropolitan areas now advertise listings on local television and radio
stations. These productions, usually billed as "home shows", are aired
weekends.
EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK
The following information is from the California Projection of Employment
published by the Labor Market Information Division.
Estimated number of workers in 1990 9,930
Estimated number of workers in 2005 12,760
Projected Growth 1990-2005 29%
Estimated openings due to separations by 2005 2,620
(These figures do not include self-employment nor openings due to turnover.)
The growth-rate for this occupation is projected to be on a par with all
other occupations during the next ten years. Job prospects for agents are
expected to improve through increased residential sales and income-
investment properties, especially apartment houses, single-to four-unit
dwellings, and commercial buildings.
WAGES, HOURS, AND FRINGE BENEFITS
Real Estate Agents are usually paid on a straight commission basis
determined by agreement between the broker and the agent. Earnings will
vary widely among agents because of the geographic area in which they work
and the amount of time and energy put into the job. Beginning agents with
good sales ability can expect to earn from $10,000 to $50,000 and above, per
year. Experienced agents can expect to earn between $20,000 and $150,000;
even higher earnings are possible in some coastal areas and in labor markets
with a strong potential for new industry and jobs. However, income is never
consistent and must be budgeted to allow for wide variations in time and
amount of earnings. Agents' reputation for integrity and service will be
the key determining factor in their success.
Normal work-weeks are 40 to 48 hours. A few agents work on a part-time
basis while they learn the business, or to provide a second income source.
Fringe benefits are relatively meager since most agents are independent
contractors. Vacations are usually not compensated and are normally taken
during slack periods.
There is no set pattern for hours of work or number of working days per week.
Agents can expect to work on weekends and evenings to accommodate the
diverse needs of their customers.
ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS AND TRAINING
Real Estate Agents must be licensed by the California Department of Real
Estate. All applicants for the license must be at least 18 years old and
must pass an examination administered by the California Department of Real
Estate. There is also an educational requirement for a real estate
license, which consists of a college-level course in real estate principles
plus two additional courses approved by the Department of Real Estate.
(Typically, these courses are in general accounting or economics.)
Applicants who have completed only the real estate principles coursework
may qualify for a provisional license through the examination process, but
must complete the other two courses within 18 months of license issuance.
An examination fee of $30 is charged, and the cost for licensing and
fingerprinting is $202. The license is renewable every four years at a
cost of $170.
The areas covered by the examination are: knowledge of English,
arithmetical computation common to real estate practices, real estate and
business transactions, and the obligations and ethics of real estate
transactions. To prepare for the sales agent license examination,
candidates may take real estate courses in community colleges and private
real estate schools. There are now Board approved correspondence courses,
some featuring video taped training sessions. These programs are
especially helpful to new agents who must complete course requirements while
working hours that may conflict with traditional classroom training. Many
brokers now express a preference for agents whose background includes
some college. Many employers have classroom and continuing in-house
training for both beginning and experienced agents.
Skills ranked high by surveyed brokers are: effective verbal and written
communication, professional telephone and in-person sales technique,
ability to read and follow instructions, ability to read forms quickly and
prepare/arrange sales contracts, ability to work independently, and a
knowledge of sales techniques. Skills ranked moderately high are:
familiarity with property lease negotiations, knowledge of residential sales
processes, familiarity with conventional and government loans, knowledge of
escrow and title functions, knowledge of business math, and knowledge of
basic computer operations.
ADVANCEMENT
Becoming a real estate broker is the typical career path for Real Estate
Agents. Many of them join the National Association of Realtors as associate
members. Agents may also advance to the positions of sales, training,
operations, and office manager.
Some Real Estate Agents advance to real estate appraiser positions by taking
the required course work offered at many community colleges and
universities.
FINDING THE JOB
Real Estate Agents may establish contact with brokers prior to the
examination to gain visibility in the industry. Often positions will be
available when candidates obtain their license. Real estate brokers
advertise openings in newspapers and circulate job listings through other
broker agencies. They frequently list jobs with schools that give real
estate training.
ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
National Association of Realtors
4301 North Michigan Avenue
Chicago, IL 60611
(312) 329-8200
California Department of Real Estate
2201 Broadway
Sacramento, CA 95818
(916) 227-0931
RELATED OCCUPATIONAL GUIDES
Right-of-Way Agents No. 226
Real Estate Appraisers No. 228
Title Officer-Title Searchers No. 277
OCCUPATIONAL CODE REFERENCES
DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 4th ed., Rev. 1)
Superintendent, Sales 250.157.010
Building Consultant 250.357-010
Leasing Agent, Residence 250.357-014
Sales Agent, Real Estate 250.357-018
OES (Occupational Employment Statistics)
System Sales Agents--Real Estate 430080
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